ASME PTC 31:2011 pdf free download.High-Purity Water Treatment Systems.
cations. total exchangeable: numeric sum of only those cations listed above to be removed, with all being expressed as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) equivalents. For example, in simple softening ion exchange, this would be the sum of only the hardness ions calcium and magnesium. This is also referred to as “total hardness.” However, any multivalent ion held stronger than sodium would also be removed. In naturally occurring waters these ions are usually very low in concentration relative to hardness levels and can normally be ignored.
cellulose acetate: cellulose material used in a reverse osmosis membrane.
chauneling: cleavage and furrowing of the bed due to faulty design and/or operational procedures, in which the solution being treated follows the path of least resistance, runs through these furrows, and fails to contact active groups in other parts of the bed.
cocurresrt .f?ow: direction of flow of the regenerant is the same direction of flow as the service flow.
col?oids: matter of very fine particle size, usLially in the range of 10 cm to 10 7cm in diameter. Colloids of iron and silica are frequently found in surface waters, carry electrical charges, and cause fouling of reverse osmosis membranes and pass completely through ion exchange resin beds,
color throw: describes the phenomenon of processed effluent being colored more than the influent, generally caused by
(a) deterioration of ion exchange resin stored for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures
(b) deterioration of ion exchange resin due to repeated freezing and thawing
(c) high content of iron in raw water
(d) microbial contamination of raw water
(e) leaching into the effluent of residual monomers from the manufacturing process as a result of prolonged or repeated storage
comnion licader interconnection: ion exchange unit interconnection method where all units of identical type or function are interconnected by a shared influent and effluent pipe header.
corn presd rcgerera1ion sclwduk sequence designed to reduce total regeneration time by injecting dilute regenerant chemicals simultaneously into two or more dissimilar units.
concentrate (brine, reject): waste liquid containing all the solids and material unable to pass through the membrane.
ASME PTC 31:2011 pdf free download
