ISO 18123:2015 pdf download

ISO 18123:2015 pdf download.Solid biofuels — Determination of the content of volatile matter
1 Scope
This International Standard aims to define the requirements and method used to determine the volatile matter content of solid biofuels. It is intended for persons and organisations that manufacture, plan, sell,erect or use machinery, equipment, tools, and entire plants related to solid biofuels, and to all persons and organisations involved in producing, purchasing, selling, and utilizing solid biofuels.
The volatile matter content is determined as the loss in mass, less that due to moisture, when solid biofuel is subject to partial pyrolysis under standardized conditions.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16559, Solid biofuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
ISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample
EN 14778 1) , Solid Biofuels — Sampling
EN 14780 2) , Solid biofuels — Sample preparation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.
3.1 nominal top size
aperture of the sieve where at least 95 % by mass of the material passes
[SOURCE: ISO 16559]
3.2 laboratory sample
combined sample or a sub-sample of a combined sample for use in a laboratory
[SOURCE: ISO 16559]
3.3 test portion
sub-sample either of a laboratory sample or a test sample
[SOURCE: ISO 16559]
4 Principle
A portion of the general analysis sample is heated mostly out of contact with air at 900 °C ± 10 °C for 7 min. The furnace is normally not equipped with a vacuum however there is a partial vacuum created during heating to a degree depending on air influx during charging of the test portion into the chamber and the air trapped in the crucible before the lid is put on. The percentage of volatile matter is calculated from the loss in mass of the test portion after deducting the loss in mass due to moisture. Automatic equipment may be used when the method is validated with biomass reference samples of an adequate biomass type. The automatic equipment shall fulfil all the requirements given in Clauses 5 to 8 regarding sample size, atmosphere, temperatures, and weighing accuracy.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Furnace
The furnace shall be heated by electricity, in which a zone of uniform temperature of 900 °C ± 10 °C can be maintained (see example in Figure 1). NOTE It is important for furnaces to have flues so that the furnace door seals well. The flue should not reach far out of the oven and should be fitted with a butterfly valve to restrict airflow through the furnace. Its heating capacity shall be such that, with an initial temperature of 900 °C ± 10 °C, the temperature is regained within 4 min after insertion of a cold stand and its crucibles. The temperature is measured with a thermocouple, as described in 5.2.